October 23, 2023, 9:40 am | Read time: 3 minutes
Hydrogen peroxide is often used in skincare to disinfect small wounds and pimples, as well as to treat acute cold sores–for example, to dry them out. The chemical compound is also found in many common skin disinfectants. This is despite the fact that its use can lead to some serious side effects. FITBOOK consulted an expert to find out how safe hydrogen peroxide really is–and whether it truly delivers on its promises.
How is Hydrogen Peroxide Used in Skincare?
Hydrogen peroxide is available for over-the-counter use only in lower concentrations–up to a maximum of three percent. In drugstores, it is usually offered in the form of wipes or as a liquid applied to the skin with a cotton ball.
Attributed Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide in Skincare
Researching the use of hydrogen peroxide for the skin reveals contradictory results. On one hand, it is touted as an effective treatment for acne, a skin lightener for scars and hyperpigmentation, and for treating and disinfecting burns, cuts, abrasions, seborrheic keratosis (warts), and herpes. At the same time, it is considered an aggressive disinfectant that can cause severe side effects when applied to the skin.
Possible Risks of Hydrogen Peroxide
Possible complications from its use include dermatitis (eczema), skin burns, redness, itching, blistering, and hives. Regular use even carries serious risks, such as a potentially increased cancer risk, irreversible damage to the eyes and internal organs. In the worst case, inhalation or ingestion can lead to severe poisoning and even death.
First Aid for Overdose
“For skin bleaching and as an active ingredient in skincare, a concentration of 20 to 30 percent hydrogen peroxide is required. However, this is much higher than the 3 percent considered safe for home use. If hydrogen peroxide in such a high concentration comes into contact with your skin, you must rinse the area thoroughly with water. If it gets into the eyes, you may need to rinse for up to 20 minutes to avoid serious complications,” advises Dr. Sadlo. “I recommend seeking medical attention as soon as possible to minimize the risks of burns and scarring.”
“Even though hydrogen peroxide is sometimes used as a skin disinfectant, you should never use this product without consulting your doctor first. The products you can buy in drugstores have also proven ineffective in treating skin problems. Experts strongly advise against the independent use of this aggressive acid, even as a wound disinfectant. The risk of unintentionally damaging healthy cells around wounds, which are necessary for healing, is simply too high. The dangers of the product far outweigh any potential benefits for your skin,” says Dr. Sadlo.
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Alternatives to Hydrogen Peroxide
There are other ingredients that have proven to be safe and effective. For treating inflammatory pimples and blackheads, for example, you can turn to salicylic acid.
“If you want to lighten your skin due to scars and other causes of hyperpigmentation, you should only do so under medical supervision. Your dermatologist will recommend an appropriate treatment, such as with alpha hydroxy acids, like glycolic acid or hydroquinone,” says Dr. Sadlo.
Consumer Protection’s View
Consumer protection expresses strong concerns and strongly advises against its use. Even if they are preparations with specific application forms and cosmetic purposes, health risks for consumers cannot be ruled out. They should only be used, if at all, under medical supervision. It is best to talk to your dermatologist about alternatives you can use for acne, hyperpigmentation, and other skin problems.
*with expert advice from Dr. Sadlo, a specialist in dermatology and allergology in Düsseldorf