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The Link Between Work and Obesity

man eats while working
According to a study, working longer hours may contribute to obesity. Photo: Getty Images/JGI/Tom Grill
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June 1, 2026, 3:05 pm | Read time: 4 minutes

According to a recent study, people who work more hours daily than the average are more prone to obesity. Could reducing work hours help with weight loss?

In countries like the U.S. and Mexico, both working hours and obesity rates are comparatively high. The study, presented at the European Congress on Obesity (ECO), found that one influences the other.1 The analysis shows that in OECD countries with lower obesity rates, meaning fewer people with severe overweight, less time is spent working. How can this be explained?

What Does Work Have to Do With Obesity?

The study, led by Dr. Pradeepa Korale-Gedara from the University of Queensland in Australia, focused on a relatively overlooked aspect: working hours.2 Until now, research has primarily focused on individual factors such as diet, exercise, or lifestyle. However, lack of time has already been identified as a possible reason for unhealthy eating and insufficient exercise. Does working too much, and thus having less time for cooking, sports, and the like, make you gain weight? To answer this question, Dr. Korale-Gedara’s team analyzed data from 33 OECD countries between 1990 and 2022. In addition to working hours, factors such as income, urban or rural living, and local dietary data were considered.

Not Calories Alone Promote Obesity, but…

Even though the U.S. and South America are said to have a much higher fat and sugar diet than many other countries, the detailed analysis came to a sometimes opposite conclusion. For example, the average calorie and fat intake in several Latin American OECD countries is sometimes lower than that of European countries such as Norway, France, or Austria. Nevertheless, obesity rates are significantly higher there. The assumption that not only calorie intake but also working hours promote obesity was supported by a remarkable calculation: A reduction in annual working hours by one percent was associated with a 0.16 percent decrease in obesity rates. For men, the “slim effect” of leaving work earlier was almost twice as high as for women.

Why Long Working Hours Make You Gain Weight

The researchers suspect numerous connections: “Those who work long hours often have less time for exercise, sports, and preparing fresh meals. At the same time, the likelihood of resorting to highly processed, energy-dense convenience foods increases.” Additionally, long workdays raise stress levels, which is reflected in a persistently elevated cortisol level. “This leads to people storing more fat, especially in physically less demanding jobs.”

More on the topic

How Much Germans Actually Work

Obesity rates within the OECD vary significantly. In 2022, the U.S. recorded the highest adult obesity rate at nearly 42 percent. At the other end of the scale is Japan, with about 5.5 percent. In Germany, about 23 percent of people are considered severely overweight.3 Germany is now among the countries with the shortest weekly working hours. Employees here work an average of about 34 hours per week. In France and Spain, it’s about 37 hours, and in the United Kingdom, around 36 hours. Turkey is significantly higher, with about 43 weekly hours.4 Due to the fewer number of vacation days, the actual annual working time in the U.S. is about 1,811 hours, significantly higher than in Germany, with about 1,341 hours.5

Conclusion: Work-Life Balance Is Not a Lifestyle Choice

The complex relationship between working hours and obesity is evident in “slim” Japan, where, despite 350 to 400 additional hours of work annually, obesity is hardly prevalent. The researchers conclude that infrastructure, culture, mobility options, and the local dietary environment vary significantly from country to country and influence the results. Nevertheless, every additional hour spent on exercise, friends, family, and preparing and enjoying fresh meals contributes to a healthy weight and simultaneously strengthens mental health.

This article is a machine translation of the original German version of FITBOOK and has been reviewed for accuracy and quality by a native speaker. For feedback, please contact us at info@fitbook.de.

Sources

  1. EASO. 33rd European Congress on Obesity (accessed on June 1, 2026) ↩︎
  2. European Association for the Study of Obesit. Study shows that a 1% reduction in annual working hours is associated with a 0.16% decrease in obesity rates across OECD countries (accessed on June 1, 2026) ↩︎
  3. Deutsche Adipositas Gesellschaft. Übergewicht und Adipositas in Deutschland und weltweit (accessed on June 1, 2026) ↩︎
  4. European Union. Average work week nearly 36 hours in the EU in 2025 (accessed on June 1, 2026) ↩︎
  5. Wirtschaftsdienst. Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen in Deutschland und den USA im Vergleich (accessed on June 1, 2026) ↩︎
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